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United States National Marine Sanctuary
A U.S. National Marine Sanctuary is a federally designated area within United States waters that protects areas of the marine environment with special conservation, recreational, ecological, historical, cultural, archeological, scientific, educational, or aesthetic qualities. The National Marine Sanctuary System consists of 14 marine protected areas that encompass more than . Individual areas range from less than 〔
(National Marine Sanctuary Frequently Asked Questions )〕
The National Marine Sanctuaries Program (NMSP), a division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) administers the 13 national marine sanctuaries. The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument is a marine protected area but not a national marine sanctuary.〔 The program began after the 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill off the coast of California brought the plight of marine ecosystems to national attention. The United States Congress responded in 1972 with the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act which allowed for the creation of marine sanctuaries. The resources protected by U.S. national marine sanctuaries range from coral reef ecosystems in Florida, Hawaii, and American Samoa to shipwrecks in Lake Huron and the wreck of the USS Monitor. The Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, while not a U.S. national marine sanctuary, is also jointly administered by the NMSP, in conjunction with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the State of Hawaii.
==Scope of protection==
Designation as a National Marine Sanctuary does not automatically prohibit fishing, though it is possible to do so depending on the designation document and NMSP actions. For example, current regulations restricting fishing in Stellwagen Bank were not issued by the NMSP, but rather by NOAA Fisheries and the New England Fishery Management Council, which have jurisdiction in federal waters off the New England coast generally.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=About: FAQ: Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary )〕 The private non-profit Marine Conservation Institute has compiled fact sheets for each sanctuary listing activities which are directly regulated by the NMSP.〔http://www.marine-conservation.org/what-we-do/program-areas/mpas/national-marine-sanctuaries/〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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